Cosmology View

My views on Cosmology and Physics
 

Books

Book 5 PPP or Practical Particle Physics References

5-url - Observing Our Universe

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08BGKNQNC


10-url - Cosmology Transition

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08CMBG78T


10-url - Cosmology Connections

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08GLMNJN9


10-url - Redefining Gravity

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08JVLBXXT


2 Fundamental Particles . . . . . . . .  12

12-url - elementary particle

13-url - Electron

14-url - Quark

15-url -Proton

17-url - Neutron

18-url - Neutrino

19-url - Muon


3 History of Atomic Model . . . . . . . .  22

22-url - AzCemistry article:

https://azchemistry.com/development-atomic-theory


28-url - Mass spectrometry

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry


29-url - Mass-to-Charge Ratio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-to-charge_ratio


31-url- Matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter

32-url - standard model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model


33-url - Edwin Kaal: The Proton-Electron Atom — A Proposal for a Structured Atomic Model | EU2017

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2018/03/11/edwin-kaal-the-proton-electron-atom-a-proposal-for-a-structured-atomic-model-eu2017/


33-url - Structured Atomic Model web site

https://etherealmatters.org/sam


4 Planck's Equation . . . . . . . .  36

36-YT - Planck's Constant and the Nature of Light

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vce_1yfTTBY


36-url - Planck's Constant and the Nature of Light

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325462944_Planck's_Constant_and_the_Nature_of_Light


5 Photoelectric Effect . . . . . 39

39-url -  Photoelectric Effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect


6 Particle Pair Production . . . . . . . . . 42

42-url - particle pair production

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_production


7 Changes to Atomic Model . . . . . . . . .  46

47-url - Aufbrau principle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufbau_principle


49-url - dalton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_(unit)


51-url - proton-to-electron mass ratio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-to-electron_mass_ratio


51-url - electron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron


51-url - proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

56-url - Atomic Mass Unit Definition (AMU)

https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-atomic-mass-unit-amu-604366


63-url - Proton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton


70-url - Neutron

74-url - free neutron beta decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_neutron_decay

76-url - beta decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay

77-url - neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino


81-url - Atomic Nucleus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus


81-pdf - Charge, neutron, and weak size of the atomic nucleus

https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1509/1509.07169.pdf


82-url - Charge Radius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_radius


82-url - sphere packing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere_packing


85-url - Strong Force

85-url - Nuclear Force


8 Einstein and Maxwell. . . . . . . .  86

87-YT - Why is the speed of light what it is? Maxwell equations visualized

87-url - Maxwell's Equations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations


89-url - superluminal motion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superluminal_motion


91-url - relativistic mass

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_in_special_relativity


9 Gravity . . . . . . . . .  92

93-url - Newton's Laws of motion

94-url - Law of universal gravitation

97-url - How do gravitational slingshots work?

10 Mechanism for Force of Gravity .  99

100-url - Isaac Newton
104-url - Coulomb's law

105-url - Cavendish Experiment

108-url - electric field



11 Light . . . . . . . . .  121

123-url - Electromagnetic radiation


124-url - Fraunhofer Lines

125-url - Calcium

126-url - Lyman-alpha

127-url - Doppler Effect

127-url - Synchrotron Radiation

137-url - Thermal Radiation

138-url - solar spectrum

12 Atomic Equilibrium .  . .  . . . . . . .  137

137-url - Energy Level

142-url - Electron capture


143-url - Alpha decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_decay


143-url - Beta decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay


144-url - Gamma ray

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray


144-url - Radium

145-url - alpha particle

146-url - Positron emission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron_emission


147-url - beta minus decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay


148-url - Electron Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino


149-url - Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowan%E2%80%93Reines_neutrino_experiment


152-url - Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudbury_Neutrino_Observatory


155-url - Tau Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino


156-url - Compton Scattering

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_scattering


159-url - Annihilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation


13 Mass Defect Introduction  . . . 161

162- url - Mass defect

163- url - Nuclear binding energy


14 Isotope Data File  . . . 165

ZIsotopes.zip

If possible, you should right-click on this link and save as
to save the zip to your computer cable of unzipping the files an of handling an  .xls file format.


The zip has an .xls file and 2 .txt files for help when using the .xls

The author recommends reading the short text files before opening the large spreadsheet file.

165-zip - ZIsotopes.zip

https://www.cosmologyview.com/pdfs/ZIsotopes.zip


Links to isotopes by atomic number

01 H

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen


02 He
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium


03 Li
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium


04 Be
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_beryllium


05 B
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron


06 C

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon


07 N

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_nitrogen


08 O

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen


09 F

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine


10 Ne

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon

11 Na

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium


12 Mg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_magnesium


13 Al

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminium


14 Si

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_silicon



15 P

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus


16 S

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_sulfur


17 Cl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine


18 Ar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon



19 K

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium


20 Ca

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_calcium


21 Sc

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_scandium



22 Ti

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_titanium



23 V

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_vanadium


24 Cr

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium

25 Mn

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese


26 Fe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron


27 Co

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_cobalt


28 Ni

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel


29 Cu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper



30 Zn

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_zinc


31 Ga

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_gallium


32 Ge

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_germanium


33 As

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic


34 Se

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_selenium



35 Br

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine


36 Kr

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_krypton


37 Rb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium


38 Sr

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium


39 Y

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_yttrium


40 Zr

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_zirconium


41 Nb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium

42 Mo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_molybdenum


43 Tc

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium


44 Ru

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium


45 Rh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhodium


46 Pd

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_palladium


47 Ag

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver


48 Cd
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_cadmium



49 In
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_indium


50 Sn

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_tin


51 Sb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_antimony


52 Te

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_tellurium


53 l
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_iodine


54 Xe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_xenon


55 Cs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium


56 Ba

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_barium


57 La

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum


58 Ce
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_cerium



59 Pr

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_praseodymium


60 Nd

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_neodymium


61 Pm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_promethium

62 Sm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_samarium

63 Eu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_europium


64 Gd

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_gadolinium


65 Tb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_terbium


66 Dy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_dysprosium


67 Ho

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_holmium


68 Er

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_erbium


69 Tm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium



70 Yb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_ytterbium


71 Lu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_lutetium


72 Hf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_hafnium


73 Ta

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum


74 W

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten


75 Re

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhenium


76 Os

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_osmium


77 Ir

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium


78 Pt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_platinum


79 Au

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_gold


80 Hg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_mercury


81 Tl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium


82 Pb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_lead


83 Bi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_bismuth


84 Po

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_polonium


85 At

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine


86 Rn

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon


87 Fr

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_francium


88 Ra

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium


89 Ac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_actinium


90 Th

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium


91 Pa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium


92 U

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_uranium


93 Np

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_neptunium


94 Pu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_plutonium


95 Am

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_americium

96 Cm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_curium


97 Bk

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_berkelium


98 Cf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_californium


99 Es

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_einsteinium


100 Fm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium


101 Md

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_mendelevium


102 No

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_nobelium


103 Lr

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_lawrencium


104 Rf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_rutherfordium


105 Db

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_dubnium


106 Sg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_seaborgium


107 Bh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_bohrium


108 Hs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_hassium


109 Mt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_meitnerium


110 Ds

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_darmstadtium


111 Rg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_roentgenium


112 Cn

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_copernicium


113 Nh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_nihonium


114 Fl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_flerovium



115 Mc

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_moscovium


116 Lv

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_livermorium


117  Ts

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine


118 Og

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_oganesson



last change 08/02/2021